本文提出了一种用于在线增量同时本地化和映射(SLAM)的强大优化方法。由于在存在感知混叠的情况下数据关联的NP硬度,可拖动(大约)数据关联方法将产生错误的测量。我们需要猛烈的后端,在达到在线效率限制的同时,在存在异常值的情况下,可以在存在异常值的情况下将其收敛到准确的解决方案。现有的强大SLAM方法要么对离群值敏感,对初始化越来越敏感,要么无法提供在线效率。我们提出了强大的增量平滑和映射(RISAM)算法,这是一种基于渐变的非跨识别性的稳健后端优化器,用于增量大满贯。我们在基准测试数据集上证明了我们的算法实现在线效率,优于现有的在线方法,并匹配或改善现有的离线方法的性能。
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水下机器人通常依靠声纳等声传感器来感知周围的环境。但是,这些传感器通常被多种源和噪声类型淹没,这使得使用原始数据对特征,对象或边界返回的任何有意义的推断都非常困难。尽管存在几种传统的处理噪声方法,但它们的成功率并不令人满意。本文介绍了有条件生成的对抗网络(CGAN)的新应用,以训练模型以产生无噪声的声纳图像,从而优于几种常规过滤方法。估计自由空间对于执行主动探索和映射的自主机器人至关重要。因此,与常规方法相比,我们将方法应用于水下占用映射的任务,并显示出卓越的自由和占用空间推断。
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我们提出了一种使用成像声纳(也称为前瞻性声纳(FLS))对物体致密3D重建的技术。与以前的方法相比,将场景几何形状建模为点云或体积网格,我们表示几何形状作为神经隐式函数。此外,鉴于这样的表示,我们使用了可区分的体积渲染器,该渲染器将声波传播建模以合成成像声纳测量值。我们对真实和合成数据集进行了实验,并表明我们的算法从多视图FLS图像中重建高保真表面几何形状,质量要比以前的技术高得多,并且没有其相关的内存在头顶上。
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本文介绍了一种在同时定位和映射(SLAM)框架中进行可靠测量的方法。现有方法在成对的基础上检查一致性或兼容性,但是在成对场景中,许多测量类型都没有足够的约束,以确定是否与其他测量不一致。本文介绍了组-K $一致性最大化(G $ K $ cm),该估计最大的测量值是内部组的一致性。可以为最大的组$ k $一致测量的求解作为广义图上最大集团问题的实例,并可以通过调整电流方法来解决。本文使用模拟数据评估了G $ K $ CM的性能,并将其与以前工作中介绍的成对一致性最大化(PCM)进行比较。
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旋转激光雷达数据对于3D感知任务普遍存在,但尚未研究其圆柱形图像形式。传统方法将扫描视为点云,并且它们依赖于昂贵的欧几里德3D最近邻居搜索数据关联或依赖于投影范围图像以进行进一步处理。我们重新审视LIDAR扫描形成,并呈现来自原始扫描数据的圆柱形范围图像表示,配备有效校准的球形投射模型。通过我们的配方,我们1)收集一个LIDAR数据的大型数据集,包括室内和室外序列,伴随着伪接地的真理姿势;2)评估综合性和现实世界转型的序列上的投影和常规登记方法;3)将最先进的RGB-D算法转移到LIDAR,其运行高达180 Hz的注册和150 Hz以进行密集的重建。数据集和工具将被释放。
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我们解决了在手动操纵期间从触摸跟踪3D对象姿势的问题。具体地,我们使用基于视觉的触觉传感器来看看追踪小物体,该触觉传感器在接触点提供高维触觉图像测量。虽然事先工作依赖于有关已本地化对象的先验信息,但我们删除此要求。我们的关键识别是,一个对象由几个本地曲面修补程序组成,每个界面都足以实现可靠的对象跟踪。此外,我们可以通过提取嵌入在每个触觉图像中的局部表面正常信息在线恢复此本地补丁的几何形状。我们提出了一种新的两阶段方法。首先,我们使用图像翻译网络学习从触觉图像到曲面法线的映射。其次,我们在因子图中使用这些表面法线到两个重建本地补丁映射并使用它来推断3D对象姿势。我们展示了在唯一形状的100多个联系序列中跟踪可靠的对象跟踪,其中仿真中的四个对象和现实世界中的两个对象。补充视频:https://youtu.be/jwntc9_nh8m
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我们解决了学习观察模型的问题,用于估计的结束到底。在部分可观察环境中运行的机器人必须使用捕捉潜在状态和观察之间的联合分布的观测模型来推断潜在的状态。该推理问题可以作为使用所有先前测量的最可能的状态序列优化的图表中的目标。前工作使用观察模型,即已知先验,或者独立于图形优化器的代理损耗培训。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,通过在循环中使用图形优化器学习观察模型来直接优化端到端跟踪性能。然而,可能出现这种直接方法,要求推断算法完全可分辨率,这很多最先进的图表优化器不是。我们的主要洞察力是推出作为基于能源学习的问题。我们提出了一种新颖的方法,Leo,用于学习观察模型的结束,具有可能是不可差异的图优化器。 Leo在从图形后面的采样轨迹之间交替,并更新模型以将这些样本与地面真相轨迹匹配。我们建议使用增量高斯牛顿溶剂有效地生成这些样品。我们将Leo与来自两个独特任务的数据集上的基线进行比较:导航和现实世界的平面推动。我们表明Leo能够学习具有较低误差和更少样本的复杂观测模型。补充视频:https://youtu.be/yqzlupudfka
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Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.
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We present a dynamic path planning algorithm to navigate an amphibious rotor craft through a concave time-invariant obstacle field while attempting to minimize energy usage. We create a nonlinear quaternion state model that represents the rotor craft dynamics above and below the water. The 6 degree of freedom dynamics used within a layered architecture to generate motion paths for the vehicle to follow and the required control inputs. The rotor craft has a 3 dimensional map of its surroundings that is updated via limited range onboard sensor readings within the current medium (air or water). Path planning is done via PRM and D* Lite.
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While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.
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